Resistance against Centralization Drives and Interventions: The Case of Doba/Raya from c. 15th to 19th centuries

Abstract

The paper is a review article that summarizes and synthesizes existing research studies, literature, or information on the specific topic. It employs a historical research design to delve into the persistent campaigns and raids conducted against the Doba/Raya people by the central government, analysing the consequences of these interventions. Primary data sources include historical chronicles, accounts from travellers, and select secondary sources. A qualitative content analysis approach was employed to interpret and synthesize the collected data, identifying themes related to centralization drives, interventions, and the Doba/Raya people's enduring resistance. Originating as one of the oldest groups known as Doba, subsequently identified as Raya, these people inhabited regions in present-day South-eastern Tigray and North-eastern Wollo. From the 15^th to the 19^th centuries, the Doba people faced punitive expeditions and continuous campaigns orchestrated by the central government, often with the participation of their immediate neighbours. In an attempt to secure trade routes leading north during the medieval period, King Ba’edaMariam initiated multiple campaigns against the Doba people, resulting in significant losses on both sides and creating a challenging period for the Doba people. This pattern persisted under various Ethiopian rulers until the era of Emperor Yohannis IV, marked by demographic changes and other consequences of the time. Despite these challenges, the Doba/Raya community maintained a resilient stance against any interventions from the central government, a resistance that endured until recent times. This research contributes to our understanding of historical power dynamics, shedding light on the complexities of regional struggles against central governance.