From Complementarity to Contestation: An Exploration into the Causes, Actors, and Effects of the Karrayyu-Itu Violent Conflicts of 2019-2020

Abstract

This study explored the inter-communal interactions, and causes, actors, and effects of the 2019-2020 violent conflict of the Karrayyu pastoralists with the Itu farming and agropastoral community in Fentalle District of East Shoa Zone of Oromia. It was conducted based on qualitative data generated through interviews, focus group discussions and non-participatory observations. Both primary and secondary sources were used. Results of this study showed that despite the recent violent conflict, the two communities have far-reaching history of inter-communal solidarity, resource sharing, economic and marriage interactions, kins confederation and joint Gadaa parties. The shrinkage of pasture lands, disgracing and degradation of “lafa jiinfuu” (sacred natural sites), and a growing herder-farmer and agropastoral tension are explored as the major causes that have fostered conditions conducive to conflict generation and intensification since recent years. The analysis highlighted homicide and blockage of the road to Karrayyu’s “lafa jiinfuu” as the proximate causes of the conflict. To this end, the violent conflict had brought humanitarian, economic, social and security effects on both communities. Thus, we recommend that the Federal and Oromia regional state governments, nongovernmental organizations, and customary institutions, should intensify efforts to build inter-communal peace by ensuring the rule of law, and also through public enlightenment, education, and campaign for peaceful coexistence in the study area.